Database :: essays research papers

What is a Database?A database is a software program arranged to collect, corroborate and process information. There are umpteen software packages that help you handle information. However, what makes databases different is that once you enter the information into it, the database will operate the information in ways that allow you to analyze the data. It is designed in such a way as to make it easy to obtain precise pieces of data.Databases are employ in many applications, existing in almost the entire world of computer software. Databases are the preferred method of storage for large multiuser applications, where coordination between many users is needed. Even individual users find them convenient, though, and many e-mail programs and personal organizers are based on standard database technology. An employee data base is produced in a note in order to keep their vital information and do their payrolls. They do this in a way that they wad have the access to each hotshot of the employees information. This database is also used to prepare their federal and state taxes. Another example of a use of a database in business is in retail stores lke meijer, macys, etc.. These companies create a database of harvest-feasts with the products barcodes so that when a customer comes to the register to check out, with the help of the barcode scanner , the price data of that product is applied to the customerss invoice.The website of the national Student Aid (FAFSA) which is http//www.fafsa.ed.gov is a greal example of use of a form for a database. Anybody who wants to apply for financial aid has to use this website and fill out the forms online.They can access their information and continue to work on their application where they left anytime.There are databases designed to manage the inventory. Most of them are called Inventory centering Control Databases. With these databases managers can track their inventory, they can have the knowledge of what they have on hand, how much more they need to order or when each of the products expiration date is due by either entering the products names or the products control numbers.

acid rain :: Free Essay Writer

Impacts of Acid RainAir Pollution Creates Acid Rain Scientists provoke discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rainfall. Acidic deposition, or acid rain as it is commonly known, occurs when emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (nighttime) react in the atmosphere with weewee, oxygen, and oxidants to form various acidic compounds. This mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. sunniness increases the rate of most of these reactions. These compounds then fall to the earth in either wet form (such as rain, snow, and fog or dry form (such as gas and particles). About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition as gases and dry particles. The wind up b piteouss these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. In some instances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry deposited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid deposition. overriding winds transport the compounds, sometimes hundreds of miles, across state and national borders. Mobile sources (transportation) also contribute significantly to NOx emissions. Overall, over 20 million tons of SO2 and NOx are emitted into the atmosphere each year. Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams and contributes to damage of trees at high elevations (for example, red spruce trees above 2,000 feet in elevation). In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nations cultural heritage. Prior to falling to the earth, SO2 and NOx gases and their particulate matter derivat ives, sulfates and nitrates, contribute to visibility degradation and uphold public health. Acid rain primarily affects sensitive bodies of water, that is, those that rest atop soil with a limited ability to neutralize acidic compounds (called "buffering capacity"). legion(predicate) lakes and streams examined in a National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) suffer from chronic acidity, a condition in which water has a constant low pH level. In some sensitive lakes and streams, acidification has completely eradicated fish species, such as the brook trout, leaving these bodies of water barren.

Biography Of Miles Davis Essay -- Jazz, Biographical, Music

Biography of Miles DavisBorn on May 26, 1926, Miles Davis is considered to be one of the approximately influential jazz musicians in history. Being a trumpeter, keyboardist, composer, and band-leader, Miles is responsible for the popularization of many styluss of jazz throughout his long and prolific career. Miles Dewey Davis was born into a soft family in the town of Alton, Illinois. The family owned a large portion of a farm where Miles learned to ride horses as a young boy. In 1927 the family move to East St. Louis. Miles mother, Cleota Henry, encour mount upd him to play the violin while his father bought him a trumpet when he turned thirteen and arranged his first lesson with trumpeter Elwood Buchanan. nonpareil of the main reasons Miles father chose the trumpet is due to the fact Cleota was annoyed by its sound. His teacher stressed a style of play that did not involve vibrato. Miles ca rried this style throughout his entire career. Buchanan would rap Miles knuckles with a ruler every time he used vibrato. Miles had numerous offers from bands when in high school notwithstanding his mother insisted he finish school before he continued with his music career. In 1944, the Billy Eckstine band came to St. Louis. Prominent jazz figures during the time including vertiginous Gillespie and Charlie Parker were part of the band. Due to one of the band members being ill, Miles took on the position of third trumpet for a couple weeks. After the band resumed its normal condition, Miles was leftfield behind to finish his academic studies as requested by his parents. ... ...ived the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Due to constant health issues in his later years, Miles passed at the age of 65 due to stroke, pneumonia and respiratory failure. Though Miles Davis life ended at a rather early age, he left behind work that no other could attempt to emulate. His music is still enjoyed by those of all ages and will be renowned for the future of jazz music.Works Cited1.Miles Davis. Rock and Roll dorm of Fame. 6 Aug. 2007 .2.Miles Davis. Wikipedia. 6 Aug. 2007 .3.The Biography of Miles Davis. 6 Aug. 2007 .

Melville’s Tools of Bob le flambeur Essay -- Herman Melville French Fi

Melvilles Tools of tag le flambeur Removing the sound from Melvilles Bob le flambeur faculty lead one to believe that he or she is watching a Hollywood film noir, circa 1950. Melville, though not profession eithery trained as a director, manages to create an oddly stirring and quirky French film shrouded in the sheer curtain of Hollywood film noir. Though he retains a lot of the Hollywood style, he also employs tools of his owncamera movement and voice-overto embrace the film in Melville-vigilante-style.Melville uses the trademarked tools of the noir film. For example, high key lighting and, thitherfore, deep shadows play a key determinant in one of the first scenes of Bob le flambeur. After establishing the setting through the reflection on a change window pane, the camera pans left to reveal five or six men standing around a table, lit only by the wall hanging lamp at least one foot below each of their chins. This leaves the mens faces encompassed by darkness, forcing the audience to watch their hands and the gambling that is taking place. eyepatch all these factorshigh key lighting, flooding shadows, tall, looming men, gambling, and near silenceall lend to the typical noir style, Melville uses odd camera movements to remain distinct. Within the same scene, there is a sweep of Bob rolling dice the camera swoops upward, as though coming from underneath the table, and ends up in a high fish shot, pellet downward at the dice. Now, combine that sweeping movement with the next cut, and Melvilles distinction appears. After the dice have been rolled, there is a three-quarter shot of Bob, who claps his hands once and walks off screen left. Suddenly, the camera lurches forward, as if to catch a glimpse of something that li... ...lationship can be seen in Hawks 1944 film To involve and Have not Humphrey Bogart plays stern and experienced Harry Morgan, a man involved with Lauren Bacalls character, Slim, a husky-voiced, wise young woman who butts heads with men. While the characters are create verbally in the same essence, the acting in these cases also seems similar Roger Duchesne and Humphrey Bogart both are older, stoic and serious where Isabel Corey and Lauren Bacall both are beautiful, young, quick-witted and seemingly independent. Melvilles travail to Americanize himself proved successfulhis name he changed in honor of American novelist Herman Melville and he often wore a cowboy hat. Though Bob le flambeur is very much a tribute to Hollywood film noir, Melville manages to make it his own through quirky camera shots, over-the-top narration, and the set of beautifully soiled Paris streets. Melvilles Tools of Bob le flambeur Essay -- Herman Melville French FiMelvilles Tools of Bob le flambeur Removing the sound from Melvilles Bob le flambeur might lead one to believe that he or she is watching a Hollywood film noir, circa 1950. Melville, though not professionally trained as a director, manages to create an oddly stirring and quirky French film shrouded in the sheer curtain of Hollywood film noir. Though he retains much of the Hollywood style, he also employs tools of his owncamera movement and voice-overto embrace the film in Melville-vigilante-style.Melville uses the trademarked tools of the noir film. For example, high key lighting and, therefore, deep shadows play a key determinant in one of the first scenes of Bob le flambeur. After establishing the setting through the reflection on a darkened window pane, the camera pans left to reveal five or six men standing around a table, lit only by the hanging lamp at least one foot below each of their chins. This leaves the mens faces encompassed by darkness, forcing the audience to watch their hands and the gambling that is taking place. While all these factorshigh key lighting, flooding shadows, tall, looming men, gambling, and near silenceall lend to the typical noir style, Melville uses odd camera movements to remain dis tinct. Within the same scene, there is a shot of Bob rolling dice the camera swoops upward, as though coming from underneath the table, and ends up in a high angle shot, shooting downward at the dice. Now, combine that sweeping movement with the next cut, and Melvilles distinction appears. After the dice have been rolled, there is a three-quarter shot of Bob, who claps his hands once and walks off screen left. Suddenly, the camera lurches forward, as if to catch a glimpse of something that li... ...lationship can be seen in Hawks 1944 film To Have and Have Not Humphrey Bogart plays stern and experienced Harry Morgan, a man involved with Lauren Bacalls character, Slim, a husky-voiced, wise young woman who butts heads with men. While the characters are written in the same essence, the acting in these cases also seems similar Roger Duchesne and Humphrey Bogart both are older, stoic and serious where Isabel Corey and Lauren Bacall both are beautiful, young, quick-witted and seemi ngly independent. Melvilles attempt to Americanize himself proved successfulhis name he changed in honor of American novelist Herman Melville and he often wore a cowboy hat. Though Bob le flambeur is very much a tribute to Hollywood film noir, Melville manages to make it his own through quirky camera shots, over-the-top narration, and the set of beautifully grimy Paris streets.

Philosophy and Multiculturalism: Searle, Rorty, and Taylor Essay

Philosophy and Multiculturalism Searle, Rorty, and TaylorABSTRACT John Searle opposes multiculturalism because he views it as part of a movement to undermine the concepts of truth and objectivity in the Western tradition. Richard Rorty disagrees with Searle approximately the relation between philosophical theories of truth and academic practices, but he is neutral on the issue of multiculturalism. Charles Taylor approaches the issue historically, defending multiculturalism as emerging from wiz branch of liberal political theory. I argue that the debate over epistemological and political issues has tended to obscure the educational benefits of multiculturalism. A multicultural curriculum whole kit and boodle very well in fulfilling the traditional goals of education in philosophy. It can assist the teacher as Socratic midwife and gadfly in delivering students from their contract and uncritical opinions and awakening them to a world of intellectual diversity. Thus, multiculturalism is not so much a recent movement as a new summon for an old method of teaching. Philosophers have been slow to join the public debate on multiculturalism in spite of the important philosophical issues at stake. Notable exceptions ar John Searle and Charles Taylor, who address the philosophical implications of the controversy over the curriculum in several recent essays. (1) Taylor defends multicultural education as a moral commanding of one branch of the liberal tradition, while Searle argues that a victory for multiculturalism would mean the destruction of the Western intellectual heritage. This paper will examine some of the arguments on both sides of the issue and propose an interpretation of multiculturalism as particularly significant for teaching philosophy.... ...Recognition, in Multiculturalism. Amy Gutmann, ed. (Princeton Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 25-73.(2) Rationality and Realism. . ., p. 69.(3) The Storm over the University, p. 112.(4) Richard Rorty, Doe s Academic Freedom pass on Philosophical Presuppositions Academic Freedom and the Future of the University, Academe (Nov.-Dec. 1994), p. 52.(5) Ibid., p. 61.(6) Rationality and Realism . . ., p. 71. (7) Richard Rorty, Hermeneutics, General Studies, and Teaching, Selected Papers from the Synergos Seminars, volume 2 (Fall, 1982), p. 112.(8) The Politics of Recognition, pp. 69-72.(9) Ibid., p. 66.(10) Ibid., p. 70.(11) Ibid., p. 73.(12) For an exception see Lawrence nourish and Patricia Herzog, eds. Philosophical Perspectives on Pluralism and Multiculturalism (Amherst University of Massachusetts Press, 1994).

Dr. Heideggers Experiment: Reality Or Illusion Essay -- essays resear

Dr. Heideggers Experiment Reality or Illusion     In Nathaniel Hawthornes short story Dr. Heideggers Experiment, one ofthe central ideas of the story revolves virtually the idea of reality versusillusion. Of course the overriding theme of the story dealt with the ethicaldilemma of changing old age into youth, still a major interpreter of how the story wasinterpreted involved a personal decision on how you took the story as literalor figurative. The perception that appealed to me the most was reading thetext as literal, and concluding the experiment as reality rather then a figmentof imagination caused by the intoxicating brew.     A couple of points that Hawthorne do led me to beli eve that the storywas indeed a true testament of the functions of the magical water. The first israther evident and straight forward because it happens before a single personeven raises glass close to their lips. I am of course referring to the fifty-five year o ld rose that was given to Dr. Heidegger on the eve of his wedding byhis bride to be. Heidegger places the rose in the water so there could beproof of the mysterious waters power, but in the same act of proving its powerto his guests Hawthorne proves to us the power of the water because when therose regains life nobody was drunk or had even attempted to drink the water."The crushed and dried petals stirred, and assumed a deepening tinge of crimson,as if the flower were r...

Dr. Heideggers Experiment: Reality Or Illusion Essay -- essays resear

Dr. Heideggers Experiment Reality or Illusion     In Nathaniel Hawthornes short myth Dr. Heideggers Experiment, one ofthe central ideas of the story revolves around the idea of reality versusillusion. Of course the overriding theme of the story dealt with the ethicaldilemma of changing old age into youth, still a major part of how the story wasinterpreted involved a personal decision on how you took the story as literalor figurative. The perception that appealed to me the most was yarn thetext as literal, and concluding the experiment as reality rather then a figmentof imagination caused by the intoxicating brew.     A oppose of points that Hawthorne made led me to believe that the storywas indeed a true testament of the powers of the magical water. The first israther evident and straight forward because it happens in advance a single personeven raises glass close to their lips. I am of course referring to the fifty-five year old rose tha t was given to Dr. Heidegger on the eve of his wedding byhis bride to be. Heidegger places the rose in the water so there could beproof of the mysterious waters power, but in the same arrange of proving its powerto his guests Hawthorne proves to us the power of the water because when therose regains life nobody was drunk or had even attempted to drink the water."The crushed and dried petals stirred, and mistaken a deepening tinge of crimson,as if the flower were r...

Leadership in the New Millenium

Chapter 1 Moral Leadership in America This Chapter talks about the absolute need for moral subscribe in America. We live in a in truth unstable time. Our association is very fragile. Perhaps no other time in our history is in that location a great need for great leadinghip, not mightilyful(prenominal) based on their ability only their moral compass. They have to lead with creditability and they have to be visionaries that hobo lead tidy sum into the right path to better their conditions. Without the right ho telegraph wiress they wont be able to get people to utilisation together. Chapter 2 The loss of Char take unmatchedrThis chapter talks about attr characterizationorship in relationship o having character or not having character. Be we just a unadorned individual, leader in our society or a part on that point of. We have to carry ourselves in an exemplary manner because people are unendingly watching us, whether we realize it or not. The higher position you are i n authority or stature the more(prenominal) scrutiny you are under. With technology and electronic media being so easily accessible it often times leads to people being looked at inadequately for one reason or another. A upsurge of times it is through with(p) purposefully by the media for the sake of making money.The author makes a special point to note that this loss of character is prevalent in all walks of society such(prenominal) as religion, politics, and communication channel being the well-nigh prominent of these. Chapter 3 A life of Morality This chapter speaks about leadership and morality and how as a people of society and the society at large all have the capability of being moral or immoral unheeding of their status in life, their wealth, power, position, or education. In many cases, the chapter concludes, that often times the moral fabric of any base be it government or business often times reflects the morality or immorality of its leaders.Classic point that w as given was the melt d take in of our financial system here in the United States. This was considered collectible in large part to the moral absence in the corporate banking system leadership. Much of this premise is to be considered in selecting team members and having people with familiar ideology when it comes to team work. Chapter 4 Yielding to Temptation This chapter talks about yielding from temptation. It talks about not so often the thought yet acting upon temptations. When one yields to temptations they nominate fall so far from grace that it almost makes life unbearable. Temptation crosses all sectors of society money, power, sex.Its interesting because the writer makes a point that its almost mans nature to want to tick things, in his/her job, husband over wife or vice versa etc. man even tries to control nature in the universe at times. He goes on to point out that the intemperateest thing in nature for man to control seems to be he him egotism. practically ti mes power such as in government or big business makes people feel almost invincible and unexplainable for their actions. But history has proven time and time again that not to be the case because often time they lose more that position but stature and reputation.Chapter 5 The Duty of Responsibility This chapter talks about moral responsibility. How it is virtually impossible to separate morality from responsibility because one is so close continued to the other. He suggests that the negative political and financial state our country is in today is due a lot to the fact that out leaders have ignored this very important point, were excessively naive or just plain arrogant. He says The bedrock of moral responsibility is an ethical behaviour of the leader and his or her adherence to the standards of right conduct. He speaks of businesses at large neglecting moral responsibility and caring more about the bottom line instead of what is termed the triple bottom line, which entails the unattackable of all including share holders, employees, customers, suppliers, the community, the environment and the owners of the company themselves. By taking into moral account and responsibility all of these factors forget tend to make the business that much more competitive. Leaders have responsibility to lead not just in the corporate by laws but also in common decency and ethicalness.The leader and his or her subordinate have a psychological contract where by the subordinate has an unwritten understanding with the leader that he is going to led in a responsible manner. Leaders take responsibility for things that go wrong and hold themselves responsible for corrective change. altogether this leadership should be done with transparency and all times they should be trus iirthy. This is why they are called leaders because they should be able to live up to the expectancy for which they are charged. Chapter 6 The Facade of PowerThis chapter talks about leadership and power. So me leaders use power as a tool for the betterment of the root word at large while others use it for scarcely selfish reasons. Good power, which is kept in check, normally leads to success of an organization while the opposite tramp lead to organization demise. Power is mostly defined as an instrument to get others to do what the might not have done on their own without the influence of the leader. There are different types of leadership styles. Some use intimidation some use bribery, and while others use their attraction.It also speaks about hard power and soft power. Hard power is when people use coercion, intimidation, sanctions in its sort to get people to do what the want them to do. Often times these leaders use fear and fell that they are in complete control. All its subordinates feel they have little or no recourse. Soft power is considered the more rational approach. It is called sometimes the second form of power. People use more tactical and persuasiveness to get peop le to perform or react in a certain way. Much the likes of a husband might to do a wife, where it is more subtle.These leaders tend to lead more by example than by command. genius might say that hard power has little accountability compared to soft power which is based largely on credibility. Chapter 7 The Pitfalls of Arrogance This chapter talks about arrogance and its pitfalls. Arrogance can be summed up as one who might think too much of himself and too little of others. This sentiment when combined with power can be overbearing at best and often times can leads to a persons demise. There is a distinct difference yet subtle between arrogance and self government agency the latter being proper.One can have confidence in himself, which is good, but not to the point of vanity. Often times leaders who are arrogant can not relate nor do they want to relate sometimes to the feelings or opinions of the subordinates. They have too little respect for the opinions of others. Sometimes ar rogance leads to micro-managing which exit weaken their leadership. He gives illustrations of how arrogance brought down certain people in society such as Sam Waksal, President Bill Clinton, former governor Elliot Spitzer, and New Jersey governor Jim Mcgereevy, just to name a few.All these men were considered arrogant in the way in which they went about their business almost with a veil of invincibility. Their thoughts and actions lead to their downfall. Chapter 8 An Ounce of humbleness Humility is called a necessity for success. Humility is the antithesis of arrogance. And by a virtue of its design will bring more good outcomes and success. So where arrogance leads to downfall, humility leads to growth. The act of humbleness dictates that one does not presume themselves more important than others nor is proud or boastful.He talks about humility in relationship to religion in history. it is the foundation of spiritual growth. Nearly all religions be Buddhism, Christianity, Hindui sm, or Islam, preach that humbleness is extremely important in obtaining the richness of ones own sprit and connection with that sempiternal realm where one might find peace and salvation. Some cynics of humility were characterized as a sign of weakness or false modesty just so they could feel more special and better than others, the author thinks not.He mentions three distinct leaders who epitomize humility Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Mahatma Gandhi, and Albert Einstein. Another point he makes, in the brilliance of humility and leadership, is our global military presence around the world dealing with so many vast cultures, almost demands the need for humility and discreetness because we are dealing with so many different people and ways of life. Todays business environment, more so than ever, reflects the need for people in leadership to show some humility. The key to leadership is good servitude.The benefits of humility go far beyond one individual or one entity. It affects soci ety at large. Chapter 9 A life of Ethics This chapter addresses ethics. Ethics by some is becoming a thing of the past in our work places and society at large. All organizations in order to have a meaningful existence have to work with some code of ethics. It pin downs what we should and should not be. It is hard to communicate ethics because it is not so easily measured in business as other areas of the company or organization such as profit. Often times, competitiveness makes leaders act contrary to hoe they should act.It talks about examples of ethics being absent in our workforce such companies as Enron, innovation Com, Imcone Systems, Tyco, and the like. This is ca utilize as reactions of these companies brought to great despair and has created an environment in our business culture that recognizes the need for more ethics more so now than ever. He blames the poor economic state of our American economy to the non ethical practices of our leaders. They skirted the law in comm on business practices. Ethical behavior or the lack there of is mostly influenced by our surroundings, i. . family, school, church, media or peer groups. Individuals in organizations often reflect the culture environment they are in be it upstanding and ethical. In its practices or the turn back of that, it all falls on the shoulders of the leaders of the organization because so often is they that set the tone for everyone else. It is the responsibility of the leader to make sure that his organization is conducting them self in a proper manner. One primary way to keep the environment ethical, the leader must make it a point of topic inwardly the group.He feels that ethics is not given much thought or time in the work place, home or school. In many cases, through each ignorance or arrogance leaders allow themselves to remain unethical with little or no fear of consequence. He goes on to say, a lot of times the practicing or non-practicing of ethics sometimes comes down to simply a matter of choice. People have blatant disregard for doing the right thing. Although ethics and morality like anything else, filters down from the top, it is actually everyones responsibility in the group to use moral ethics in their approach to doing business.Chapter 10 The Seven Deadly Sins The 7 deadly sins, otherwise known as pewslag, characterized by theologians and scholars the world over as being very influential in existence of mans and his relationship to good and evil. It is an overall thinking that pride, envy, anger, greed, lust, gluttony, and sloth effect all individuals one tine or another and cause us to act contrary to natures, mans, and Gods laws. Mahatma Gandhi recognise that there was an inner rage that mankind dealt with and external violence. The internal violence is things such as hate, anger, jealousy, greed.Gandhi viewed these seven deadly sins as internal violence. These internal violence were the catalyst behind mans external violence. External violence can be described as the physical violent assault on another such as with the use of a weapon of sort. In relationship to leadership, the leaders who showed more self-control and restrain in these areas variably, are the ones who survive and prosper. They recognize that the spiritual world and the physical world are intertwined and ultimately we destroy ourselves because of the baggage of sins that we walk around with. The writer also, in the end of this chapter, suggests we rid ourselves of this load and strike light. Chapter 11 The Necessity of Teamwork The old saying no man is an island is very accurately describes this section. Solid teamwork is the groups aspiration to reach when their goal is to be great. Teamwork incorporates all the talents and skills of individuals toward one or more common objectives. Teamwork is also considered a form of energy that is created by the workings of the individuals, as one in sharing ideas and information which end into constructive jobs, duties, or functions.The seven deadly sins can creep its ugly head and cause bitterness or conflict within the group. Also, social-cultural and demographic factors can cause a breakdown of solid teamwork. The use of the word, belief of the word and the actions of the word we, particularly when it comes from leadership creates an atmosphere of harmony and togetherness when the goal is for the good of all. in the long run it is the job of the leader to keep the team running as smooth as possible, not necessarily an easy tax at all. Chapter 12 putting the Team TogetherIt is the leaders responsibility to carefully pick the members of the team and there are so many different variables to look at to determine who might be good and who might not be. Is it youth vs. age, experience vs. non experience, former educated over experience, past triumphs or failures? Or do we fleet more time considering the family background of people, their hobbies, interest, their compassion for one another, carrying for other people, honesty, and integrity, willingness to put themselves last and team first? Will this individual bring harmony to the group will they bring a sense of well(p) being and togetherness?A leader has to consider the individuals purpose for joining the group. Is it for self gratification or gain, and if so, will this person really more help the group or hinder the group irrespective of the many talents and resources he or she might have to spell? These are all the things and more that a good leader must contemplate before taking on any new team members. umpteen an organization has been brought down because leaders too hastily recruited team members as opposed to carefully taking their time to consider all the above.Chapter 13 The deny of Altruism This chapter centers on the decline of altruism. Some people will argue that altruism is a dying breed, while others say it is still prevalent everyplace even in the animal kingdom. Altruism which is ones doing good for another in an unselfish or selflessly manner, is broken down into different categories, namely two parts reciprocal altruism and universal altruism. The first being almost tit for tat when one is doing something because it has been done unto them or they expect it to be done unto them in the future.The latter, being unconditional, much like in a sense of Christianity when one is not looking for anything in return but instead merely doing it because they think it is the humane thing to do. As a consensus by many that neither society, nor any corporate team or entity can survive well without it, it being altruism. There are many different reasons why people are altruistic. Could be a sense of personal responsibility, they think its the right thing to do, could be during an emergency or social and cultural values.It could also be the desire to overcome guilt, or it could be because of their exposure to it through school, family, church, and community groups, what have you. Many of the problems today in our society, and the economy at large, might be considered due to the lack of altruism or minimum traits of altruism at best in our modern day leaders who failed to recognize their duty in giving to other selflessly while mitigating their own self business or ego. Chapter 14 The Service of Gratitude The author starts right out by saying the primary purpose of human existence is to serve the people of the world. This act of servitude is a very important ingredient in effective leadership. slice he is leading he is actually taking on a task of servitude and selflessness. A leadership is considered the custodianship of others well being and overall success. Ultimately a leader must put his self interest secondary to the interest and good of others. Many people serve for the gratuity, what they can get out of it, their own personal agenda. The whats in it for me? syndrome, but this are not and can not be construed as good leadership. This way of thinking only l eads to disruption and potential downfall of any organization if that leader heads.They also suggest that a big part of the reason for the downfall and collapse of our countries economic decline is because lack of service, both physical and otherwise. Our goods and services are being outsourced to other countries and in other cases many of our leaders dont see their roles as being service providers to the people. These leaders therefore allow turpitude to thrive when it should not. The importance of service is to neutralize the haves and have nots. Its the balance between mans nature to overcome and take care of themselves only and those who can not do for themselves. good leader looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the group, the society or the company and tries to balance the scales to make certain that everyone gets their fare shake or pluck of the pie. Good service at its best is good service at its most. Chapter 15 Blueprint for Moral Leadership In the beginning of the c hapter there is much discussion about the harms and ills that American leaders have brought on our county at large and how the misuse of trust afforded the m by American people lead to one of the greatest economic down turns since the Great Depression.Leaders failed to take responsibility to any and all part that they played in creating and environment of greed and corruption neither in our government nor in our work place. It is their sense at times that only the average persons are to be held accountable for their actions or lack of. Part of the problem in our leadership is how we select them . often times its based on their abilities, education, organizational skills, ability to delegate, but rarely are we using a more natural guideline to choose them by, such as their character, which encompasses not only their ability but their moral consciousness.Basically we have to look beyond the morphologic part of leadership and more at the intangibles such as the spiritualistic side of leadership, the wholesomeness of it and the accountability. It has to be humanistic attributes such as being responsible, modest, courageous, honesty, and the belief in fair play spiritual qualities such as faith in self and higher power, caring about and consideration for others, self control, devotion and such. These traits on with organizational skills when applied with proper alance form the most greatest of leadership which would ultimately equate to the greatest of success. system Conflict Theory Conflict Theory studies the causes of crime within a society. For the good of the society, standards of morality are imposed by the justice system. by means ofout the book the author gives reason to our economic downfall. He put the blame on the leadership in place not making correct moral, ethical and responsible decisions. One example is from chapter 8 when he speaks about major companies such as Enron and World Com who have had a major impact on our economic plummet.It also be n o good to mention he also suggests some fault on the people who put these leaders in place to begin with. Methodology Bibliography The author did large research on each key points in the book. He incorporated some of Sociologies most respected members such as Jon Witt, Richley Crapo and Robin Williams Jr. Through his research he collectively combined the various thoughts into one seamless idea of how America has been affected by poor leadership. He also used his research to find key components of how to be an effective leader by virtue of morality, humility and ethics.Strengths I. One strength was the simplicity in which it was written. It read very easily and some how kept the same theme throughout. Enjoyable reading. II. Very informative, educational, thought provoking and diverse in its use of different references and subject matter. Weaknesses I. One weakness might be there seems to be an overly cynical outlook of American leadership at large. II. Another might be, some chapte rs go forth you wanting for more. In other words, it is so good while you are reading you want more information on that particular topic. ConclusionIn summation good leadership must always be in harmony with servitude and have little or no tolerance for arrogance. In chapter 8, a good example of arrogance vs. humbleness is a driver who is lost. The arrogant motorist would refuse to stop and get directions and end up miles away from his destination. While the more humble motorist will stop to seek direction and be quickly put on the proper road. A leader who posses most of these characteristics such as humility, altruism, soft power, gratitude, and the like will lead to a life of success in the organization.Particularly when he possesses a moral compass that mandates he use fairness and compassion in his/her approach to leadership. This person would resist any temptation to be greedy, selfish, egotistical, maniacal or harsh. One change for the future, there will be more accountabili ty expected from our leadership. They will be more closely monitored, more checks and balances, much tighter regulations, more overview boards, less bureaucracy, more retributive penalties and laws will be imposed.

John Milton Essay

John Milton published the first edition of Paradise garbled in 1667. This epic poetry introduces a series of supernatural themes. It is the retelling of the Biblical story of Adam and Eves first sin. The basis of the text is Christian deity specific exclusivelyy, Protestant Christian Theology. What is unique, even controversial, about Miltons method of proselytizing the Christian message, is non so much the use of the epic poem structure per se, (which is traditionally reserved for classic and pagan subject matter), but that he introduces the archenemy of deity as a sympathetic character.This is a repugnant concept for Miltons Christian audience. In fact, John Dryden (the first literary critic to comment on Paradise Lost) in 1697 criticized the poem for having the baddie take center stage and obliterate the admirer (p. 214). However, it will be argued instead that Miltons use of this technique is to play up the cunningness of deuce and our own willingness to accept the tale as probable. This sentiment is echoed by Stanley Fish who claimed that the poem tempts the reader in the same way that Satan tempted Adam and Eve.In the remainder of this essay, allows II and III will be examined to office the ways Milton compares and contrasts, God, Satan, Heaven and inferno to amplify his subversive technique of casting Satan as the sad hero of Paradise Lost. In Book II of Paradise Lost, Satan is introduced to the reader as a rationale character that is capable of questioning Gods authority and judgment. For example, the debate in Hell is one of the great set pieces of Paradise Lost. In this scene, Satans appeal is in his use of classic political rhetoric he states that both his and that of his fallen Angels rebelliousness and pride, are justifiedwith what eyes could we Stand in his presence humble, and receive Strict laws imposed, to celebrate his throne With warbled hyms, and to his nobleman sing Forced hallelujahs, while he lordly sits Milton constructs this profane polemic by utilizing the heroic epic genre to introduce Satan in a countercultural way. He not only disturbs literary conventions but religious conventions too. Such a representation of a heroic Satan as a tragic Prometheus figure challenges the discourse of traditional Judeo-Christian notions of injustice and subordination.However, Milton lived during the dawn of the Renaissance a time when science began to question religious dogmas. Satan, therefore, is all the more expansive to the skeptical Seventeenth Century audience, because he too, like the new Renaissance man, uses logic and rationalism to argue against accepted ideas and the status quo. In this way, Milton Paradise Lost can be viewed as highly controversial in the way he subverts the literary conventions and religious dogma by transposing a pagan literary technique on Christian revelation. But these techniques are not meant to subvert Christianity.Likewise, Milton is not attempting a Dan Brown type revision of Ch ristian theology. Instead, what Milton aims in achieving is to highlight Satans imperfect logic (even scholasticism) from Gods omnipotence. Thus, whilst Miltons Satan is eloquent in speech, he is forever fallen. In contrast, Miltons God remains highly mysterious and beyond logic he also reigns triumphant and glorified in Heaven. In the opening of Book II, Satans rhetoric reaches a climax in The Council meeting held in Pandemonium (Hell). A debate is being held as to whether or not to attempt convalescence of Heaven.Instead, another proposal is accepted. That proposal is to seek revenge against God. And through this revenge, Milton establishes Satan as a forlorn figure, as Satan alone undertakes the voyage to shape the prophesized world were he can enact his revenge as a tragic hero. Whilst on his travels, he encounters Sin and Death. They are his offspring and guard the supply of Hell. They also serve as a profane inversion of Gods Trinity a technique Milton often uses to help fa cilitate the tell apart and comparing of God and Heaven with Satan and Hell.Arguable, this strategy of parody and subversion is effective in showing the reader that despite all his oratory powers and intelligence, all that Satan is ultimately capable of performing is an imperfect imitation of God and his Kingdom. This comparison serves to accentuate Satans tragic status and also his futile pride. Another way Milton recasts Satan as a tragic hero, is through his depiction of Satan as a solitary character. For example, Milton notes that Satan explores his solitary shoot (II. 647) alone to Eden.In contrast, God is supported by his Son in Book III. For example, God sees Satan flying towards this world and foretells the success of his evil flush to tempt man. God explains his purpose of grace and mercy toward man, but mandates that justice must be met nonetheless. His Son, who sits at his right hand, freely offers to sacrifice himself for mans salvation. This causes the angels to cel ebrate in songs of praise. In contrast, this imagery accentuates the tragic and solitary nature of Satans banishment.A status further highlighted when he passes by the stairs of heaven on his way to earth The stairs were then let down, whether to dare The Fiend by easy ascent, or aggravate His sad expulsion from the doors of bliss (III. 523 -525). In this way, Milton portrays God as some kind of celestial joker, dangling the stairs of heaven to Satan. This concept is of course an antithesis to the traditional precepts of God as merciful and benevolent. However, this scene does help Milton to engineer a sympathetic response from the reader towards Satan.And thus, Miltons recasting of Satan as the tragic epic hero is complete. Another way Milton casts Satan as the tragic hero of Paradise Lost is through contrasting the depiction of Hell with Heaven. So, whilst Satan sits high on a throne of Royal State exalted (II. 1-5), Satans throne is made of Barbaric tusk (II. 4). God, however, sits on a heavenly throne in Heaven A place that is immersed with precious stones (like diamonds) and light. Even Heavens pearly gates (liquid pearl III.519) are contrasted to the pearls of Hell (Barbaric pearl II. 4). Nothing in Hell can ultimately compete with Gods creation. Milton continues to compare and contrast God and Satan in Book III. For example, in Book III, the infernal trinity, that is, Satan, Sin and Death are introduced as a perversion of Gods original Trinity. In this way, Milton parallels Book II and Book III of Paradise Lost to show no only that Satans dominion is an inversion and parody of Heaven, but more importantly, that imitation is the bloom of Satans intelligence.So, not only is Hell unlike Heaven as it has flames, ice, whirlwinds, and volcanoes. Hell is deathlike and desolate like a Desert Soile (II. 270)). In contrast, Heaven is a living Sapphire (II. 1050). Moreover, Miltons grotesque depiction of Hell as a place of death is reiterated by the paradoxical phrase, animateness dies, death lives (II. 624). Hell, therefore, is a place of contradiction, even moral confusion. Heaven in contrast is adorned with precious stones and metal of diamond and gold. It is a place of felicity and a place of light, since God is light (III.3-5). Through harnessing literary devices (which had been traditionally reserved for virtuous pagan characters and by sagacious philosophers of ancient Greece), Milton ingeniously highlights the limitations of Satan and indeed humanity itself to understand God. Thus, the invocation in Book I, that is, to justify the ways of God to Man, is indeed Miltons inside joke For it is not Miltons role to justify God to humanity, but rather it is the readers responsibility to overcome temptation and see Satan as the villain described in the Bible.Thus, apart from creating a poem of dramatic appeal, it appears that Miltons introduction of Satan as a hero in the epic poem format was an attempt to accentuate Satans irreparably fallen state (as indeed our own human folly in being suggestible to following humanist rationalism at the expense of Christian theology). In Paradise Lost, Satan is a tragic hero forever lost in spite of his attempts to overthrow Gods creation. According to Milton, Satans transgression is to think himself equal to God. And it is this transgression that makes his rhetoric ultimately hollow.References 1. Dryden, John. Virgil and the Aeneid. Dramatic Essays. Ed. William enthalpy Hudson. London E. P. Dutton, 1921. 2. Fish, Stanley. How Milton Works. New York Harvard University Press, 2001. 3. Fish, Stanley. Surprised By Sin. London St. Martins Press, 1967. 4. Greenblatt, Stephen et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Eight Edition. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2006 5. Milton, John. Paradise Lost A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Gordon Tesky. London W. W. Norton, 2004.

Poetry Essay Essay

Vocabulary Winds takes a structureing route to have many bends and twist Aches to hurt with a dull pain to feel a continuous dull pain Belch to burp noisily to let air amount up noisily from your stomach and out through your nose Strummed to sweep fingers over a stringed official docuwork forcet to play a guitar or similar instrument by moving your fingers up and down across the strings Brow is a persons forehead the part of the face above the look and below the hair Drenched to be soaked through to make something or somebody completely wet Hornby, A.S. ed 2010. Oxford Advanced leaners Dictionary of Current English. 8th Edition Oxford University Press My Notes The rime is a free verse there is no punctuation it describes the anxious thoughts of a teenage boy who does not know what tomorrow will hold. The title of the poesy includes the linguistic communication June 16th. This date is a in truth significant date in the recital of South Africa, as Youth day is commemor ated and celebrated on this day. It goes back to the time in South African during the Apartheid regime.On June 16th 1976 thousands of students marched in the streets of Soweto to dissent against Bantu education, which limited the level of education to most South Africans. There was an angry youth crowd fighting against and angry government and this resulted in the natural law killing two hundred youthful people and injuring hundreds more. This song is therefore a good poem as it reflects how the people felt during this time in history and it also reflect where we come from as a nation and how the youth can play such an important role in ever-changing an entire history of a country.Critical analysis on the poem A young mans thoughts before June the 16th, by Fhazel Johennese. To me A young mans thoughts before June the 16th, written by Fhazel Johennese is quite a good poem. I must admit I had to read it quite a few times before I started to understand it. Although it is a short p oem, the style is simple and the writer gets straight to the point. I understand that the poem is about a young man who is about to go and fight for his rights in South Africa, but I feel that he would rather be somewhere else.I like the poem, it is not difficult to read and you can feel the emotions of the young boy through the words written in the poem. He is anxious about what tomorrow will bring and just wants to be a normal young person. He longs for his mother and wants to spend time with his friends and he knows that he will probably die. In this poem, Fhazel Johennesse is placing himself in somebody elses shoes (this person knowing that he was going to die as a result of the march of June the 16th). Therefore he is not the narrator of the poem but rather a character which will result in his death.The poet lend oneselfs words like I, me and my which make the poem very personal and you can imagine the young man going through each the emotions that he is going through. The po em can be seen both as echtly and figuratively therefore making the reader or narrator enjoy how the poem has been described. In the literal sense, the person in the poem is going to march, travel on a road (line 1) on June the 16th. There is a use of alliteration which occurs by the use of the phrase broad belch of beer (line 7). However figuratively, the march is the journey, the struggle, against apartheid for a better tomorrow.The speaker slows the poem down when reading it because of the repeated alliterations, this make the poem sufficient of sadness. In the last line the poet writes that his sunset is drenched with red. This symbolises that there is going to be a lot of lives lost and their blood will be spilled all over the place. The poet uses a lot of literary devices in the poem Firstly the whole poem is written in small letters. This shows that the person in the poem feels inferior and does not think highly of himself. Also there are no punctuation marks used in the po em, the lines just go on and on.This emphasises the fact the he is in an on-going struggle that just goes on and on. His thoughts, his sweet memories of (his) youth are unstoppable. He thinks about the important things like his family and friends, despite his trials and tribulations. The Friday nightswith a broad belch of beer (alliteration in line 6 and 7) for example, were important to him. His thoughts run onto the next line and maybe death will ultimately make his thoughts break. The lines of the poem are long and because there are no punctuation marks in this poem, one does not know when to pause because of this.This therefore makes the poem to be slow paced and makes you think of a sad song, sung at funeral. This emphasises that the poem could be some kind of a tribute to one of the young men who died on June 16th. In the poem we also read about the my heart aches for my mother (line 5) and sweet memories of my youth (line 4). This makes me think that he must be very young and if he had the choice he would rather be somewhere else instead of facing death. When we read a poem such as this it makes us realise that many people old and young alike have died to make a difference in South Africa.On June the 16th we should commemorate what so many young people stood for and even gave their lives for. In the poem all that the young man wants is for someone to remembers and to tell others the story of what happened on June the 16th, so that those of died did not die for nothing. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Hornby, A. S. ed 2010. Oxford Advanced leaners Dictionary of Current English. 8th Edition Oxford University Press * Ways of knowing Fiction, Poetry and Drams, tutorial letter EED102G/101/3/2012.

Evaluating a protocal budget Essay

One of the overall primary challenges organizations conducting clinical look into is lack of information about the overall clinical research enterprise says mention KCl96 l 1033 (K Claxton, 1996)Matthew in a recent issue of medical research laws and policy report. Hence developing a quality figure proposal outline gives a better scrutiny and analysis of the funds flow.in a clinical trial conduct, in order to acquire better financial outcomes and pass out prospered audits, there is needed to be more vigilant and c beful in the financial management. Establishing guidelines to streamline and aid the management of a clinical trial programme will make managing less challenging as CITATION kel p 1999 y l 1033 (Willenberg, p. 1999). This is being emphasized in order to meet the allocated budget for a given organization. Many hospitals and academic centers lack the trained personnel for them to review the study proposals and funds which consequently lead to incorrect billing for researc h. CITATION MBa04 l 1033 (M Barnes, 2004) In order to evaluate the protocol requirement, you need to determine exactly what is going to be do as part of the protocol. Once that is completed, you should be able to determine what resources the site will need in order to implement the protocolPreparation for a budget clinical trial is done maybe when you want to obtain funds from a granter for your research or you have been paid to conduct a certain protocol by a pharmaceutical company.in such a fount you develop a budget for your research, putting into considerations things like laboratory tests, hospital admissions, patient visits, surgical procedures and fees for the above run.These are considered as the resource requirements for you to develop a comprehensive budget. Below is a template example for a budget proposal outline I actual for a certain request for application. (RFA)Below is our application budgetCITATION kel p 2001 y l 1033 (Willenberg, p. 2001)RFA Title Host- direc ted TB Therapy new approaches (UH2/UH3)RFA Number RFA-A1-14-058Purpose of the RFA The of import purpose for filling this request of application is to curb the adverse effects of TB brought about byNegligence and lack of follow up to these victims. This research is centered to direct TB therapies to the host individuals where each victim is screened and followed up for their healing process ensuring they take the right medication and avoid chances of infecting others.Reason for selecting this RFA I chose this particular RFA following the upcoming of new technologies and new machines especially the gene expert machine, which processes sputum, analysis it and determines the multidrug resistance individuals, enabling their follow up.Budget (Time) Period This clinical trial is programmed to take 2 years.Budget CategoriesBudget Category Description Cost $ Subtotal $PersonnelPrincipal investigatorGraduate research assistant (lab scientist)undergraduate research assistant (Nurse)Data staf f These relates to costs incurred by the staff involved in the research process. Different types of personnel are paid check to their experience and expertise. Rates of these personnel are charged either according to rate per study visit, hourly rate or full time. The budget overly included costs for new recruitment of personnel and training. CITATION MBa04 l 1033 (M Barnes, 2004)78,20024,00012,0008,000 122,200ServicesScreeningAdministrative work Costs incurred in offering services to the subject individual through evaluation, screening and costs for transport of specimen, batching and storage. 1100270 1370FacilitiesLaboratoryClinical These are the cost needed to come up with facilities where the subject individuals are taken their specimen in this case sputum for analysis and how often they visit the clinics for checkup. These facilities are needed to offer these services. 30,00020,00050,000Data capturing-report forms-questionnaires-Computers-printers Collected on case report for ms and questionnaires thus need to be included in the budget. Costs also incurred in obtaining and developing these data. Computers, photocopiers and printers also included in the budget. Travelhouse servant tripsDomestic tripsAirfare This accounts for cost of all the trips made for training and meetings associated with the clinical trial, visiting other sites, scientific presentations and going to the research areas. 640022004000 12600Equipment and suppliers-gene expert machineCost incurred for purchase all the related equipment needed and paying the suppliers who bring the equipment and machines to do the case study (gene expert machine for sputum processing and analysis.) CITATION KCl96 l 1033 (K Claxton, 1996)20,000 20,000 issue forth Expenses 206,170Indirect Costs The research incurred extra expenses on utilities (phone and internet), cleaning and rent at an overhead rate of 8%. CITATION Fra l 1033 (Stromberg)400 400 agree REQUEST 206,570ReferencesK Claxton, J. P. (1996). Heal th Economics.M Barnes, J. K. (2004). Journal of health law.Ognibene, G. a. (n.d.). Evaluating a protocal budget.Stromberg, F. (n.d.). Instruments for clinical health care research. 2004.W.Staman, m. (n.d.). medical research laws and policy report.Willenberg, k. M. (n.d.). managing clinical trials-frustrations.Health political economy, (1996) Wiley Online Library by K Claxton, J Posnnett.Look AHEAD research Group-controlled clinical trials, (2003- Elsevier.Instruments for clinical health-care research by M Frank-Stromberg, SJ Olsen (2004)Practical clinical trials increasing the revalue of clinical research for decision making in clinical and health policy by SR Tunis, DB Stryer, CM Clancy-jama (2003)Source document